InteractiveAccessibility issuesPublished

selection bias

By Alexis Diamond · Statistics · causal inference · Undergraduate · Computational / statistical · version 1

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Licence: CC BY 4.0

Topicsselection biaspotential outcomesatt vs atccausal inferencerandom assignment

Assumption ledger

No assumptions recorded yet.

Breakout check

✓ Ready for breakouts: every control we tried showed teammates the same thing.

Built-in checks 5 of 5 pass

  • naive − ATT − SB = 0 for every setting (passes)
  • a = 0 ⇒ selection bias = 0 for every k and b (passes)
  • b = 0 ⇒ ATT = ATC = ATE = 0 while SB = a·(mean X treated − mean X control) (passes)
  • targeting with b > 0 ⇒ ATT > ATC; with b < 0 ⇒ ATT < ATC (passes)
  • random assignment: mean SB over 1,000 seeds within 0.3 of zero (a = 4) (passes)

Accessibility issues (WCAG 2.1 AA)

  • seriousElements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds(19 elements)How to fix
    <dd id="rSB">116.0 − 106.0 = 10.0</dd>

    Fix any of the following: Element has insufficient color contrast of 3.35 (foreground color: #e85d04, background color: #fbfaf7, font size: 11.4pt (15.2px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1

    <span class="sb"><b>selection bias</b> 10.0</span>

    Fix any of the following: Element has insufficient color contrast of 3.07 (foreground color: #e85d04, background color: #f2f0ea, font size: 12.6pt (16.8px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1

    <b>selection bias</b>

    Fix any of the following: Element has insufficient color contrast of 3.07 (foreground color: #e85d04, background color: #f2f0ea, font size: 12.6pt (16.8px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1

    <td>112.0</td>

    Fix any of the following: Element has insufficient color contrast of 3.35 (foreground color: #e85d04, background color: #fbfaf7, font size: 10.2pt (13.6px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1

    <td>124.0</td>

    Fix any of the following: Element has insufficient color contrast of 3.35 (foreground color: #e85d04, background color: #fbfaf7, font size: 10.2pt (13.6px), font weight: normal). Expected contrast ratio of 4.5:1

Cite this

Alexis Diamond (2026). selection bias [Interactive model], version 1. Ideas at Play. https://ideasatplay.org/play/selection-bias-c17dff?v=1 (CC BY 4.0)

History

  1. v1Imported; lineage before import is not available. (imported, Oct 14, 2026)current

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